Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi teknoloji ndi chitukuko champhamvu cha makampani foundry, njira zosiyanasiyana foundry ndi zosiyanasiyana nkhungu kukonzekera zili.Kutengera kuponyedwa kwa nkhungu kwa mchenga komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga mwachitsanzo, kukonzekera nkhungu kumaphatikizapo ntchito zazikulu ziwiri: kukonzekera zinthu zachitsanzo, kuwonetsa ndi kupanga pachimake.Pakuponyera mchenga, mitundu yonse ya zinthu zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndi kupanga pakati, monga kuponya mchenga wosaphika, zomangira mchenga ndi zinthu zina zothandizira, komanso mchenga wowuma, mchenga wapakati ndi zokutira zokonzedwa kuchokera kwa iwo, zimatchedwa kuumba. zipangizo.Ntchito yokonza zinthu akamaumba ndi kusankha yoyenera yaiwisi mchenga, binder ndi zipangizo wothandiza malinga ndi zofunikira za castings ndi katundu zitsulo, ndiyeno kusakaniza iwo mu zida malinga ndi gawo lina Kuumba mchenga ndi pachimake mchenga ndi katundu zina.Zida zophatikizira mchenga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo chosakaniza magudumu, chosakanizira chapano komanso chosakanizira mosalekeza.Yotsirizirayi idapangidwa mwapadera kuti isakanize mchenga wowumitsa mankhwala, womwe umasakanizika mosalekeza ndipo umakhala ndi liwiro lalikulu losakanikirana.

Kuumba ndi core kupanga ikuchitika pamaziko a kudziwa akamaumba njira ndi kukonzekera akamaumba zinthu malinga ndi kuponya zofunika ndondomeko.Kulondola kwa castings ndi zotsatira zachuma za ndondomeko yonse yopangira makamaka zimadalira ndondomekoyi.M'magawo ambiri amakono opangira zinthu, kuumba ndi kupanga koyambira kumapangidwa ndi makina kapena makina.Makina opangira mchenga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza makina apamwamba, apakati komanso otsika kwambiri, makina opangira mpweya, makina opangira jekeseni osagwiritsa ntchito bokosi, makina opangira mabokosi ozizira, makina opangira ma bokosi otentha, makina opangira mchenga, ndi zina zambiri. .

Pambuyo kuponyedwa kuchotsedwa mu nkhungu yoponyera itakhazikika ndi kutsanulira, pali zipata, zokwera, zitsulo zachitsulo ndi zokopa.Kuponyedwa kwa mchenga kumamatiranso mchenga, choncho kuyenera kudutsa njira yoyeretsera.Zida za mtundu uwu wa ntchito zikuphatikizapo kupukuta makina, kuwombera kuphulika makina, kuthira ndi riser kudula makina, etc. Mchenga kuponyera kuyeretsa ndi ndondomeko ndi zinthu osauka ntchito, kotero posankha akamaumba njira, tiyenera kuyesa kulenga zinthu yabwino kwa mchenga. kuyeretsa.Ma castings ena amafunika kuthandizidwa pambuyo poponyedwa chifukwa cha zofunikira zapadera, monga chithandizo cha kutentha, kusinthanso, mankhwala odana ndi kutupa, makina ovuta, ndi zina zotero.

Njira yoponyera imatha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu: kukonza zitsulo zoponyera, kukonza nkhungu ndikuchiza.Cast metal imatanthawuza zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga popanga.Ndi aloyi wopangidwa ndi chitsulo chinthu monga chigawo chachikulu ndi zinthu zina zitsulo kapena sanali zitsulo.Amadziwika kuti cast alloy, makamaka kuphatikiza chitsulo choponyedwa, chitsulo choponyedwa ndi alloy osakhala achitsulo.

Pambuyo kuponyedwa kuchotsedwa mu nkhungu yoponyera itakhazikika ndi kutsanulira, pali zipata, zokwera ndi zitsulo.Kuponyedwa kwa mchenga kumamatiranso mchenga, choncho kuyenera kudutsa njira yoyeretsera.Zida zamtundu uwu wa ntchito zikuphatikizapo kuwombera makina oboola, makina odulira chipata, etc. Kutsuka mchenga ndi njira yokhala ndi zovuta zogwirira ntchito, kotero posankha njira yopangira zinthu, tiyenera kuyesa kupanga zinthu zabwino zoyeretsa mchenga.Ma castings ena amafunika kuthandizidwa pambuyo poponyedwa chifukwa cha zofunikira zapadera, monga chithandizo cha kutentha, kusinthanso, mankhwala odana ndi kutupa, makina ovuta, ndi zina zotero.

Casting ndi njira yachuma yopangira zinthu zopanda kanthu, zomwe zimatha kuwonetsa chuma chake pazigawo zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe ovuta.Monga cylinder block ndi silinda mutu wa injini yamagalimoto, zombo zapamadzi ndi zojambulajambula zokongola.Zigawo zina zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzidula, monga nickel base alloy alloy of gas turbine, sizingapangidwe popanda kuponyera.

Kuonjezera apo, kukula ndi kulemera kwa zigawo zoponyera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo mitundu yachitsulo imakhala yopanda malire;pomwe mbalizo zimakhala ndi mawotchi ambiri, zimakhalanso ndi zinthu zambiri monga kukana kuvala, kukana dzimbiri, kuyamwa kwamphamvu, ndi zina zotere, zomwe njira zina zopangira zitsulo monga kupangira, kugudubuza, kuwotcherera, kukhomerera, ndi zina.Chifukwa chake, mumakampani opanga makina, kuchuluka ndi matani a magawo okhwima opangidwa ndi njira yoponya akadali yayikulu.

Zida zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo zimaphatikizapo zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, coke, nkhuni, mapulasitiki, gasi ndi mafuta amadzimadzi, zinthu zopangira, etc. Zida zofunika zimaphatikizapo ng'anjo zosiyanasiyana zosungunulira zitsulo, zosakaniza mchenga zosiyanasiyana zosakaniza mchenga, makina osiyanasiyana opangira zinthu komanso kupanga pakati. makina akamaumba ndi pachimake kupanga, mchenga akuponya makina ndi kuwombera kuphulitsa makina oyeretsera castings, etc. Palinso makina ndi zipangizo kuponya mwapadera komanso zambiri zoyendera ndi katundu akugwira zipangizo.

Kupanga kotayira kumakhala ndi mikhalidwe yosiyana ndi njira zina, monga kusinthasintha kwakukulu, zida zambiri ndi zida, komanso kuwononga chilengedwe.Kupanga kwa Foundry kudzatulutsa fumbi, gasi woyipa komanso kuwononga phokoso kwachilengedwe, komwe kuli koopsa kuposa njira zina zopangira makina, ndipo njira ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti ziwongolere.

Kapangidwe kazinthu zoponyera zinthu zimafunikira zinthu zomveka bwino, zolondola kwambiri, zololeza zochepa komanso malo oyeretsera.Kuphatikiza apo, kufunikira kosunga mphamvu ndi kufunikira kwa anthu kuti abwezeretse chilengedwe kukukulanso.Kuti akwaniritse zofunikirazi, ma alloys atsopano adzapangidwa, ndipo njira zatsopano zosungunulira ndi zida zidzawonekera moyenerera.

Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa makina ndi makina opanga makina akuchulukirachulukira, ndipo ikukula kuti ikhale yosinthika, kuti ikulitse kusinthika kwamagulu osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopanga.Tekinoloje zatsopano zopulumutsira mphamvu ndi zopangira zidzayikidwa patsogolo, ndipo njira zatsopano ndi zida zokhala ndi zowononga pang'ono kapena zosaipitsa zidzayikidwa patsogolo.Ukadaulo wowongolera wabwino udzakhala ndi chitukuko chatsopano pazowunikira, NDT komanso kuyeza kupsinjika kwa njira iliyonse.