Gulu la oponya:

(1) Kuponya mchenga: kutulutsa mchenga.Zitsulo, chitsulo ndi aloyi ambiri osakhala achitsulo amatha kupezeka poponya mchenga.Mchenga kuponyera ndondomeko luso makhalidwe: 1. Oyenera kupanga akusowekapo ndi akalumikidzidwa zovuta, makamaka ndi mapanga zovuta mkati;2. Kusinthasintha kwakukulu ndi mtengo wotsika;3. Zoyenera pazida zina zokhala ndi mapulasitiki osalimba, monga Cast.Kuponyera mchenga ndi njira yokhayo yopangira zida zopangira kapena zopanda kanthu.Ntchito: castings monga injini yamphamvu chipika, silinda mutu ndi crankshaft galimoto
(2) Investment kuponyera kumatchedwanso otaika sera kuponyera: zinthu fusible amapangidwa kukhala chitsanzo, ndi pamwamba chitsanzo yokutidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za zinthu refractory kupanga nkhungu chipolopolo, ndiyeno chitsanzo amasungunuka ndi kutulutsidwa kuchokera. chipolopolo cha nkhungu, potero kuponya nkhungu, pambuyo powotcha pa kutentha kwakukulu Ndi ndondomeko yoponyera mchenga wodzaza ndi kutsanulira.Makhalidwe a ndondomeko ya ndondomeko yopangira ndalama: 1. Kulondola kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi kulondola kwa geometric;2. Kukhwimitsa kwakukulu pamwamba;3. Kukhoza kuponya zojambula zooneka ngati zovuta, ndi ma alloys oponyera sali ochepa.Zoipa: ndondomeko yovuta komanso yokwera mtengo.Kugwiritsa ntchito: koyenera kupanga tizigawo tating'ono tokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, zofunikira zolondola kwambiri, kapena zovuta kukonza zina, monga masamba a injini ya turbine.
(3) Kuponyera kwa Pressure: Imagwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwambiri kukanikizira madzi achitsulo mumtsempha wachitsulo wokhazikika pa liwiro lalikulu kenako madzi achitsulo amakhazikika ndikukhazikika pansi pa kukanikiza kuti apange kuponyera.Makhalidwe a ndondomeko: 1. Madzi achitsulo amatha kupirira kuthamanga kwambiri ndipo ali ndi kuthamanga kwachangu 2. Ubwino wa mankhwala, kukula kokhazikika, kusinthasintha kwabwino;3. Kupanga kwakukulu;kuponya nkhungu kungathe kutsutsidwa nthawi zambiri;4. Oyenera zochulukirapo Kupanga ndipo atha kupanga zabwino zachuma.Zoipa: 1. Castings amakonda pores ang'onoang'ono ndi shrinkage.2. Pulasitiki ya zigawo zoponyera kufa ndizochepa, ndipo sizoyenera kugwira ntchito pansi pa katundu wokhudzidwa ndi kugwedezeka;3. Pamene alloy high-melting point ndi kufa-casting, moyo wa nkhungu ndi wochepa, womwe umakhudza kufalikira kwa kupanga kufa.Ntchito: Die castings anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu makampani magalimoto ndi mafakitale zida, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono kukodzedwa kwa mafakitale osiyanasiyana, monga makina ulimi, makampani chida makina, makampani zamagetsi, makampani chitetezo, kompyuta, zipangizo zachipatala, mawotchi, makamera ndi hardware tsiku, ndi zina.
(4) Low kuthamanga kuponyera: amatanthauza njira kupanga madzi zitsulo kudzaza nkhungu ndi zochita za m'munsi kuthamanga (0.02 ~ 0.06MPa), ndi crystallize pansi mavuto kupanga kuponyera.luso mbali: 1. Kuthamanga ndi liwiro pa kuthira akhoza kusinthidwa, kotero izo zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zisamere pachakudya zisamere pachakudya (monga zisamere zitsulo, zisamere pachakudya, etc.), kuponyera kaloti zosiyanasiyana ndi castings osiyanasiyana makulidwe;2. Pogwiritsa ntchito kudzazidwa kwa mtundu wa jakisoni wapansi, kudzaza kwazitsulo zazitsulo kumakhala kokhazikika, palibe chodabwitsa, kungapewe kutsekeka kwa mpweya ndi kukokoloka kwa khoma la nkhungu ndi pachimake, kupititsa patsogolo kuthamanga kwa castings;3, castings ndi crystallized pansi kupanikizika, castings ndi wandiweyani ndi contoured Zomveka, yosalala pamwamba, mkulu mawotchi katundu, makamaka kuponyera lalikulu woonda-mipanda mbali;4. Chotsani chowonjezera chowonjezera, kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo kumawonjezeka kufika 90 ~ 98%;5. Kuchepa kwa ntchito, malo abwino ogwirira ntchito, zida Zosavuta komanso zosavuta kuzindikira makina ndi makina.Kugwiritsa ntchito: Makamaka potengera zinthu zachikhalidwe (mutu wa silinda, gudumu la magudumu, chimango cha silinda, ndi zina).
(5) Kuponyera kwa Centrifugal: Ndi njira yoponyera yomwe chitsulo chosungunula chimatsanuliridwa mu nkhungu yozungulira yozungulira, ndipo nkhungu yoponyera imadzazidwa ndi kulimba pansi pa mphamvu ya centrifugal.Makhalidwe a ndondomeko ndi ubwino: 1. Pali pafupifupi palibe zitsulo zogwiritsira ntchito ndondomeko yothira ndi dongosolo lokwera, lomwe limapangitsa kuti ndondomekoyi ikhale yabwino;2. Pachimake sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga ma hollow castings, kotero kuti kupanga ma tubular aatali amatha Kupititsa patsogolo luso lodzaza zitsulo;3. Kuponyedwa kumakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono, zolakwika zochepa monga pores ndi slag kuphatikizapo, ndi katundu wapamwamba wamakina;4. N'zosavuta kupanga chubu ndi manja gulu zitsulo castings.Zoipa: 1. Pali zolepheretsa zina zikagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma castings ooneka ngati apadera;2. Kuzungulira kwa dzenje lamkati la kuponyera sikolondola, pamwamba pa dzenje lamkati ndi lovuta, khalidwe ndi losauka, ndipo malipiro okonzekera ndi aakulu;3. Kuponyedwa kumakonda kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka inayake.Kugwiritsa ntchito: Kuponyera kwa Centrifugal ndiye koyambirira komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi oponyedwa.Centrifugal kuponyera ndondomeko ntchito zitsulo, migodi, zoyendera, ulimi wothirira ndi ngalande makina, ndege, chitetezo dziko, magalimoto ndi mafakitale ena kupanga zitsulo, chitsulo ndi sanali ansomba mpweya aloyi castings.Pakati pawo, kupanga castings monga centrifugal kuponyedwa chitsulo mapaipi, mkati kuyaka injini yamphamvu manja ndi kutsinde manja ambiri.
(6) Metal nkhungu kuponyera: amatanthauza akamaumba njira imene madzi zitsulo amadzaza mu nkhungu zitsulo pansi zochita yokoka ndi kuzizira ndi kulimba mu nkhungu kupeza kuponyera.Makhalidwe a ndondomeko ndi ubwino: 1. Chikombole chachitsulo chimakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa matenthedwe ndi mphamvu ya kutentha, kuthamanga kwachangu kuzizira, mawonekedwe oponyera wandiweyani 2. Ikhoza kupeza ma castings olondola kwambiri komanso otsika kwambiri, ndipo kukhazikika kwabwino ndikwabwino.3. Chifukwa mchenga wapakati sugwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo sugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, ukhoza kukonza chilengedwe, kuchepetsa fumbi ndi mpweya woipa, ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ntchito.Zoipa: 1. Chikombole chachitsulo chokha sichingapume, ndipo njira zina ziyenera kutengedwa kuti zitumize mpweya ndi mpweya wopangidwa ndi mchenga wa mchenga muzitsulo;2. ming'alu imatha kuchitika pamene kuponyera kwakhazikika;3. Kupanga nkhungu zachitsulo Kuzungulira kumakhala kotalika ndipo mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba.Ntchito: Kuponyera chitsulo nkhungu sikuli koyenera kupanga zitsulo zotayidwa, aloyi ya magnesium ndi zinthu zina zopanda chitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, komanso oyenera kupanga zitsulo zopangira zitsulo ndi ma ingots.
(7) Vacuum die-casting: njira yapamwamba yoponyera kufa yomwe imachotsa kapena kuchepetsa kwambiri porosity ndi mpweya wosungunuka m'zigawo zoponyera kufa pochotsa mpweya mu nkhungu yoponyera kufa panthawi yakupha, potero kuwongolera. makina opangidwa ndi ziwalo zotayira komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba.Makhalidwe a ndondomeko : 1. Kuchotsa kapena kuchepetsa pores mkati mwa magawo oponyera kufa, kusintha makina ndi khalidwe lapamwamba la zigawo zoponyera kufa, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zopangira;2. Chepetsani kupanikizika kumbuyo kwa patsekeke, mungagwiritse ntchito kupanikizika kwapadera kwapadera ndi Kwa ma alloys omwe ali ndi ntchito yowonongeka, ndizotheka kufa-kuponyedwa kwakukulu ndi makina ang'onoang'ono;3. Kudzaza bwino ndi kuponyedwa kopyapyala kumatha kutayidwa;Zoipa: 1. Kusindikiza kwa nkhungu kumakhala kovuta, ndipo n'kovuta kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa, choncho mtengo wake ndi wokwera Kwambiri;2. Ngati njira yoponyera vacuum die siiyendetsedwa bwino, zotsatira zake sizofunika kwambiri.

(8) Finyani kuponyera: Ndi njira kulimbitsa madzi zitsulo kapena theka-zamadzimadzi zitsulo pansi pa kupsyinjika kwakukulu kuti mwachindunji kupeza mbali kapena akusowekapo.Iwo ali ndi ubwino mkulu magwiritsidwe mlingo wa zitsulo zamadzimadzi, ndondomeko yosavuta ndi khalidwe khola.Zaumisiri: 1. Ikhoza kuthetsa zolakwika zamkati monga mabowo a mpweya, mabowo ochepetsera, mabowo ophwanyidwa;2. Low pamwamba roughness ndi mkulu dimensional molondola;3. Angalepheretse kuchitika kwa ming'alu;4. Zosavuta kukwaniritsa makina ndi makina.Kuchuluka kwa ntchito: Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma aloyi, monga aluminium aloyi, aloyi ya zinki, aloyi yamkuwa, chitsulo cha nodular, etc.
(9) Kutaya Foam Kutaya, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kuponya kolimba.Choyamba, parafini kapena thovu zitsanzo ndi kukula ofanana ndi mawonekedwe ndi womangidwa ndi kuphatikiza masango chitsanzo, ndiye brushed ndi ❖ kuyanika refractory ndi zouma, ndipo potsiriza m'manda youma khwatsi mchenga chitsanzo kugwedera Kuthira pansi mavuto zoipa nthunzi chitsanzo, madzi zitsulo occupies. udindo wa chitsanzo, ndipo amapanga kuponyera pambuyo kulimbitsa ndi kuziziritsa.Njira yaukadaulo: kupangira thovu → kuumba thovu → utoto woviika → kuyanika → kuyanika → kutsanzira → kuthira → mchenga wakugwa → kuyeretsa Zida zaukadaulo: 1. Kuponyera mwatsatanetsatane, kulibe maziko a mchenga, kuchepetsa nthawi yokonza;Mapangidwe osinthika ndi digiri yapamwamba ya ufulu;3. Kupanga kwaukhondo komanso kopanda kuipitsa;4. Kuchepetsa ndalama zogulira ndi kupanga.Kugwiritsa ntchito: Ndikoyenera kupanga makulidwe osiyanasiyana amitundu yolondola kwambiri yokhala ndi zovuta, mitundu ya aloyi yopanda malire ndi magulu opanga zopanda malire.Monga imvi kuponyedwa chitsulo injini bokosi, mkulu manganese zitsulo chigongono, etc.
(10) Kuponya mosalekeza: Ndi njira yapamwamba yoponya.Mfundo yake ndikuthira zitsulo zosungunuka mosalekeza mu nkhungu yapadera yachitsulo yotchedwa crystallizer.Mbali ina ya chipangizocho imakokedwa, ndipo imatha kutulutsa utali uliwonse kapena kutalika kwake.Kuthamanga kwa ndondomeko: Makhalidwe aukadaulo: 1. Chifukwa chitsulo chimakhazikika bwino, kristalo ndi wandiweyani, kapangidwe kake ndi yunifolomu, ndipo zida zamakina ndizabwino;2. Chitsulo chimapulumutsidwa ndipo zokolola zimakula bwino;3. Njirayi imakhala yosavuta, ndipo ndondomeko ndi njira zina zimachotsedwa, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya Ntchito;malo opangira ofunikira amachepetsedwanso kwambiri;4. Kupanga kopitilira muyeso ndikosavuta kuzindikira makina ndi makina ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.Kugwiritsa ntchito: Kuponyera kosalekeza kungagwiritsidwe ntchito poponya ma castings aatali okhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wokhazikika, monga ma ingots, slabs, ma billets, mapaipi, ndi zina, monga chitsulo, chitsulo, aloyi yamkuwa, aloyi ya aluminium, aloyi ya magnesium.

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