1、 Puhi aniani wai

Ua hana ʻia kēia kaʻina hana ma Kina no kahi kokoke i 50 mau makahiki.Ma hope o ka hapalua haneli o ka hoʻoikaika ʻole ʻana o nā hoa hana i ka ʻoihana hoʻolei kālā, ua hiki i ka noi a me ka noiʻi ʻana i ka ʻenehana wai aniani shell i kahi kiʻekiʻe.I loko o nā makahiki, ua pālua ka ikaika o ka pūpū wai aniani ma muli o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka refractory no ka shell back a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hardener hou.ʻO ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ka pōkole hana pōkole loa, ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka permeability kiʻekiʻe nā mea maikaʻi o nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe.

2、 Huipuia pūpū

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pūpū wai aniani, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili o ka hoʻolei ʻana, a ua hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻili o ka ʻili, nā hemahema o ka ʻili a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana.He kūpono no ke kila kila, ke kila wela a me nā kila kila kiʻekiʻe.ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ke kaʻina hana ma mua o ka ʻili haʻahaʻa wax silica sol shell, e like me ka pūpū wai aniani.

3、 Silicasol (wax wela haʻahaʻa) pūpū

Kūlike ke kaʻina hana me nā kūlana aupuni.Loaʻa iā ia ka hoʻololi a me ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe i ka wā e hoʻolei ana i nā mea hoʻolei nui a me waena o ka nui o ka 1kg, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 5kg.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pūpū composite, paʻa ka maikaʻi o ka pūpū, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o ka hoʻolei ʻana, ʻaʻohe sodium silicate, maikaʻi ka hana wela kiʻekiʻe, ma hope o ka kuke ʻana ma 1000-1200 ℃, he kiʻekiʻe ka permeability a me ke kūpaʻa creep. e hoopili i na wahi paia lahilahi.Nā ʻāpana alakaʻi, nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi me ka hoʻolālā paʻakikī, hiki ke hana i nā ʻāpana nui me ke kaumaha o 50-100kg, e like me ka paila wai, impeller, etc. nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka paia, hiki ke ninini ʻia ka pūpū ʻōpala a i ʻole ka hāpai ʻana i mua o ka umu, a hiki ke loaʻa kahi hua kiʻekiʻe.

4 、 Silicasol shell (wax wela waena)

ʻO kēia ke kaʻina hana maʻamau o ka hoʻolei pololei ʻana i ka honua.Loaʻa iā ia ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolei ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o.He kūpono loa ia no nā mea hoʻolei liʻiliʻi a me waena (2-1000g) me ka ʻili o ka ʻili kiʻekiʻe a me ka pololei o ka dimensional.Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka palena o nā mea hana a me nā kumukūʻai, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana nui a me waena (5-100kg)