Iron Ductile wani babban simintin ƙarfe ne mai ƙarfi wanda aka haɓaka a cikin 1950s.Cikakken kaddarorin sa suna kusa da na karfe.Dangane da kyawawan kaddarorin sa, an yi nasarar amfani da shi zuwa wasu simintin gyare-gyare tare da babban buƙatun aiki akan damuwa, ƙarfi, tauri, da juriya.Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙirar Ƙirar Ƙirar Ƙirar Ƙirar ahayd ya yi sauri ya zama simintin ƙarfe wanda ake amfani da shi sosai bayan launin toka.Abin da ake kira "maye gurbin karfe da baƙin ƙarfe" galibi yana nufin baƙin ƙarfe ductile.

Nodular simintin ƙarfe graphite ne nodular graphite samu ta hanyar nodularization da inoculation magani, wanda yadda ya kamata inganta inji Properties na simintin gyaran kafa, musamman inganta roba da taurin, game da shi samun mafi girma ƙarfi fiye da carbon karfe.

Tarihin Ci gaban Iron Ductile na China

An gano baƙin ƙarfe daga wurin da ake narke baƙin ƙarfe a tsakiyar da kuma ƙarshen daular Han ta Yamma a Tieshenggou, gundumar Gongxian ta lardin Henan, kuma ba a sami nasarar kera baƙin ƙarfe na zamani a ƙasashen waje ba sai a shekara ta 1947. Ƙarfe a zamanin d China yana da ƙarancin abun ciki na silicon don dogon lokaci.Wato, a daular Han ta Yamma kimanin shekaru 2000 da suka wuce, graphite mai siffar zobe a cikin kayan ƙarfe na kasar Sin an sassauta shi ta hanyar simintin ƙarfe na alade mara ƙarancin siliki wanda ake samu ta hanyar cirewa.Wannan tsohuwar fasahar simintin ƙarfe ce ta kasar Sin.Manyan nasarorin fasaha kuma su ne abubuwan al'ajabi a tarihin karafa a duniya.

A shekara ta 1981, kwararrun masana'antar karfen karfe na kasar Sin sun yi amfani da hanyoyin kimiyya na zamani wajen yin nazari kan kayayyakin da aka gano na zamanin da na Han da na Wei guda 513, kuma sun tantance daga adadi mai yawa na jifa da karfen nodular graphite a kasar Sin a daular Han.An karanta takardun da ke da alaƙa a taron duniya na 18 na tarihin kimiyya da fasaha, wanda ya ba da sha'awar kafuwar kasa da kasa da tarihin kimiyya da fasaha.Kwararru kan tarihin karafa na kasa da kasa sun tabbatar da hakan a shekarar 1987: Tsohuwar kasar Sin ta riga ta samu ka'idar yin amfani da karfen karfe don yin simintin karfe na nodular, wanda ke da matukar muhimmanci ga sake fasalin tarihin karafa na duniya.

Abun ciki

Simintin simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe ne na ƙarfe-carbon gami da abun cikin carbon sama da 2.11%.Ana samun shi daga ƙarfe na alade na masana'antu, ƙyallen ƙarfe da sauran ƙarfe da kayan haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar narkewa mai zafi da gyare-gyaren simintin gyare-gyare.Bugu da ƙari ga Fe, carbon ɗin da ke cikin wasu simintin ƙarfe yana haɗewa ta hanyar graphite.Idan graphite da aka haɗe yana cikin nau'i na tsiri, ana kiran ƙarfen simintin ƙarfe na simintin simintin gyare-gyare ko baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka;baƙin ƙarfe a cikin nau'in floc ana kiransa ƙarfen simintin simintin farar simintin ƙarfe ko ƙarfe na yadi;

A sinadaran abun da ke ciki na spheroidal graphite jefa baƙin ƙarfe sai baƙin ƙarfe ne yawanci: carbon abun ciki 3.0 ~ 4.0%, silicon abun ciki 1.8 ~ 3.2%, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur jimlar ba fiye da 3.0% da kuma dace adadin nodular abubuwa kamar rare ƙasa da magnesium. .

Babban aikin

An yi amfani da simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe a kusan dukkanin manyan sassan masana'antu, waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfi, filastik, tauri, juriya, da tsayin daka.

Maɗaukakin zafi da girgiza inji, babban zafin jiki ko ƙarancin zafin jiki, juriyar lalata da kwanciyar hankali.Domin saduwa da waɗannan canje-canje a cikin yanayin sabis, nodular simintin ƙarfe yana da maki da yawa, yana samar da kewayon kayan aikin injiniya da na zahiri.

Yawancin simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe kamar yadda Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don daidaitawa ISO1083 ta ƙayyade ana yin su ne a cikin jihar da ba a haɗa su ba.Babu shakka, wannan kewayon ya haɗa da ma'auni masu ƙarfi tare da ƙarfin juzu'i fiye da 800 Newtons a kowace murabba'in milimita da tsawo na 2%.Sauran matsananci shine babban darajar filastik, wanda yana da haɓaka fiye da 17% da ƙarancin ƙarfi daidai (mafi ƙarancin 370 N/mm2).Ƙarfafawa da haɓaka ba shine kawai tushen don masu zanen kaya don zaɓar kayan ba, da sauran mahimman kaddarorin mahimmanci sun haɗa da ƙarfin samar da ƙarfi, ma'aunin roba, juriya da ƙarfin gajiya, tauri da tasirin tasiri.Bugu da ƙari, juriya na lalata da juriya na iskar oxygen da kaddarorin lantarki na iya zama mahimmanci ga masu zanen kaya.Domin saduwa da waɗannan abubuwan amfani na musamman, an ƙirƙiri rukuni na baƙin ƙarfe na austenite, wanda galibi ake kira Ni-Resis ductile irons.Waɗannan baƙin ƙarfe ductile na austenitic an haɗa su da nickel, chromium da manganese, kuma an jera su a cikin ma'auni na duniya.