I-Ductile iron iyinsimbi enamandla kakhulu eyakhiwe ngeminyaka yawo-1950s.Izakhiwo zayo ezibanzi zisondelene nezensimbi.Ngokusekelwe ezakhiweni zayo ezinhle kakhulu, isetshenziswe ngempumelelo kokunye ukulingisa okunezidingo eziphezulu zokusebenza kukucindezeleka, amandla, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqoka.I-Ductile iron ithuthuke ngokushesha yaba insimbi ekhonjiwe esetshenziswa kakhulu ngemuva kwensimbi empunga.Okubizwa ngokuthi "buyisela insimbi ngensimbi" ngokuyinhloko ibhekisela ku-ductile iron.

I-nodular cast iron iyi-nodular graphite etholakala ngokusebenzisa i-nodularization kanye nokwelashwa kwe-inoculation, okuthuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo izakhiwo zemishini yensimbi ekhonjiwe, ikakhulukazi ithuthukisa i-plasticity nokuqina, ngaleyo ndlela ithola amandla aphezulu kune-carbon steel.

Umlando Wokuthuthukiswa Kwensimbi Yase-China

I-ayoni yatholwa endaweni yokuncibilikisa insimbi maphakathi kanye nasekupheleni koBukhosi Base-Western Han e-Tieshenggou, eSifundazweni SaseGongxian, eSifundazweni sase-Henan, futhi insimbi yesimanje eyi-nodular cast ayithuthukiswanga ngempumelelo phesheya kwaze kwaba ngu-1947. isikhathi eside.Okusho ukuthi, e-Western Han Dynasty cishe eminyakeni engu-2000 edlule, i-graphite eyindilinga ku-ironware yaseShayina yathanjiswa ngokusakazwa kwensimbi yengulube ye-silicon ephansi etholwa ngokufakwa kwensimbi.Lona ubuchwepheshe bensimbi yaseShayina yasendulo.Izimpumelelo ezinkulu zobuciko nazo ziyizimangaliso emlandweni we-metallurgy emhlabeni.

Ngo-1981, ochwepheshe be-iron ductile iron baseShayina basebenzisa izindlela zesimanje zesayensi ukutadisha izinto zensimbi ezingama-513 zasendulo ze-Han ne-Wei ezavubukulwa, futhi banquma ngenani elikhulu lemininingwane ukuthi i-nodular graphite cast iron yavela eShayina oBukhosini bakwa-Han.Amaphepha ahlobene nawo afundwa eNgqungqutheleni Yomhlaba Ye-18 Yomlando wezeSayensi Nobuchwepheshe, eyathakazelisa isisekelo samazwe ngamazwe kanye nomlando wesayensi nobuchwepheshe.Ochwepheshe bomlando we-metallurgical international bakuqinisekisa lokhu ngo-1987: I-China yasendulo yayivele iwutholile umthetho wokusebenzisa i-ductile iron ukwenza i-nodular cast iron, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni kabusha umlando we-metallurgical emhlabeni.

Ukwakheka

I-cast iron iyingxubevange ye-iron-carbon enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okukhulu kuno-2.11%.Itholakala ku-industrial pig iron, scrap steel nezinye insimbi nezinto zayo ze-alloy ngokusebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuncibilika nokubunjwa kokubunjwa.Ngaphezu kwe-Fe, ikhabhoni equkethwe kwenye insimbi ekhonjiwe idonswa ngendlela yegraphite.Uma i-graphite enciphile isesimweni semicu, insimbi ewubunjiwe ibizwa nge-grey cast iron noma i-gray cast iron;insimbi eyinsimbi ewuhlobo lwe-floc ibizwa nge-white cast iron noma insimbi yasegcekeni;

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali e-spheroidal graphite cast iron ngaphandle kwensimbi kuvame: okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni 3.0 ~ 4.0%, okuqukethwe kwe-silicon 1.8 ~ 3.2%, i-manganese, i-phosphorus, isamba sesibabule esingekho ngaphezu kuka-3.0% kanye nenani elifanele lezakhi ezingamanodular njengomhlaba ongavamile ne-magnesium. .

Ukusebenza okuyinhloko

I-Ductile iron castings isetshenziswe cishe kuzo zonke izimboni ezinkulu, ezidinga amandla aphezulu, ipulasitiki, ukuqina, ukumelana nokugqoka, nokumelana okuqinile.

Ukushaqeka okukhulu okushisayo nokwemishini, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokuzinza kwe-dimensional.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zinguquko ezimweni zesevisi, i-nodular cast iron inamabanga amaningi, ehlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo zemishini nezomzimba.

Iningi le-ductile iron castings njengoba kucaciswe yi-International Organisation for Standardization ISO1083 ikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi endaweni engahlanganisiwe.Ngokusobala, lobu bubanzi buhlanganisa amamaki aphezulu anamandla amakhulu kuno-800 Newtons ngemilimitha yesikwele kanye nobude obungu-2%.Okunye okwedlulele yizinga eliphezulu lepulasitiki, elinobude obungaphezu kuka-17% namandla aphansi ngokulinganayo (ubuncane obungu-370 N/mm2).Amandla nokwelula akuzona kuphela isisekelo sokuba abaklami bakhethe izinto zokwakha, nezinye izici ezibalulekile ezibalulekile zihlanganisa amandla okukhiqiza, i-elastic modulus, ukumelana nokugqoka namandla okukhathala, ubulukhuni kanye nokusebenza komthelela.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana nokugqwala nokumelana ne-oxidation kanye nezakhiwo ze-electromagnetic kungase kubaluleke kakhulu kubaklami.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalokhu kusetshenziswa okukhethekile, kwasungulwa iqembu lezinsimbi ze-austenite ductile, ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-Ni-Resis ductile irons.Lezi zinsimbi ze-austenitic ductile ikakhulukazi zihlanganiswe ne-nickel, i-chromium ne-manganese, futhi zifakwe kuhlu lwamazinga omhlaba.