I-Ductile iron yintsimbi ekhutshiweyo ephezulu ephuhliswe kwiminyaka yee-1950.Iimpawu zayo ezibanzi zisondele kwintsimbi.Ngokusekwe kwiipropathi zayo ezigqwesileyo, isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwezinye iicastings ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza kuxinzelelo, amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.I-iron ductile iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza ibe yintsimbi etyhidiweyo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi emva kwentsimbi engwevu.Into ebizwa ngokuthi "indawo yentsimbi ngentsimbi" ibhekisela kwi-iron ductile.

I-nodular cast iron i-graphite ye-nodular efunyenwe nge-nodularization kunye nonyango lwe-inoculation, oluphucula ngokufanelekileyo iimpawu ze-mechanical of iron cast, ingakumbi iphucula iplastiki kunye nokuqina, ngaloo ndlela ifumana amandla aphezulu kune-carbon steel.

Imbali yoPhuhliso lwentsimbi yaseTshayina

Intsimbi yavunjululwa kwindawo yokunyibilikisa yentsimbi embindini nasekupheleni koBukhosi bamaHan aseNtshona eTieshenggou, Gongxian County, kwiPhondo laseHenan, kwaye intsimbi yale mihla etyhidiweyo ayizange iphuhliswe ngempumelelo kumazwe aphesheya de kwangowe-1947. ixesha elide.Oko kukuthi, kwi-Western Han Dynasty malunga neminyaka engama-2000 eyadlulayo, i-graphite engqukuva kwi-ironware yaseTshayina yathanjiswa ngentsimbi ephantsi ye-silicon yehagu efunyanwa ngokufakwa emanzini.Le yiteknoloji yaseTshayina yakudala yentsimbi.Impumelelo enkulu yobugcisa ikwayimimangaliso kwimbali yesinyithi ehlabathini.

Ngowe-1981, iingcali Chinese ductile intsimbi basebenzisa iindlela zenzululwazi yanamhlanje ukufunda 513 yamandulo Han kunye Wei iimpahla zentsimbi zavunjululwa, kwaye uzimisele ukusuka kwinani elikhulu ledatha ukuba nodular igraphite cast intsimbi yavela China kwiHan Dynasty.La maphepha anxulumeneyo afundwa kwiNkomfa yeHlabathi ye-18 yezeMbali yeSayensi nobuChwepheshe, nethe yanika umdla isiseko samazwe ngamazwe kunye nembali yenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe.Iingcali zembali ye-metallurgical yamazwe ngamazwe ziqinisekisile oku kwi-1987: I-China yamandulo yayisele ifumene umgaqo wokusebenzisa i-ductile iron ukwenza i-nodular cast iron, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni kwakhona kwembali ye-metallurgical yehlabathi.

Ukuqamba

Intsimbi yentsimbi yintsimbi ye-iron-carbon alloy enomxholo wekhabhoni ngaphezu kwe-2.11%.Ifunyenwe kwi-iron ye-pig ye-industrial, intsimbi ye-scrap kunye nezinye isinyithi kunye nezixhobo zayo ze-alloy ngokusebenzisa ukunyibilika okuphezulu kobushushu kunye nokubunjwa kokubunjwa.Ukongeza kwi-Fe, i-carbon equlethwe kwenye intsimbi etyhidiweyo iyancipha ngendlela yegraphite.Ukuba igraphite ikwimo yemigca, intsimbi etyhidiweyo ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi engwevu okanye intsimbi engwevu;Intsimbi etyhidiweyo ngohlobo lwefloc ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi ekhaseliweyo emhlophe okanye intsimbi eyadi;

Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali ze-spheroidal graphite cast iron ngaphandle kwentsimbi ngokuqhelekileyo: umxholo wekhabhoni 3.0 ~ 4.0%, umxholo we-silicon 1.8 ~ 3.2%, i-manganese, i-phosphorus, i-sulfure iyonke ayikho ngaphezu kwe-3.0% kunye nobungakanani obufanelekileyo bezinto ezinobumba ezifana nomhlaba onqabileyo kunye ne-magnesium. .

Ukusebenza okuphambili

I-Ductile iron castings isetyenziswe phantse kuwo onke amacandelo amakhulu amashishini, afuna amandla aphezulu, iplastiki, ukuqina, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, kunye nokuxhathisa okungqongqo.

Umothuko onzima we-thermal kunye noomatshini, ubushushu obuphezulu okanye ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokuzinza kwe-dimensional.Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nolu tshintsho kwiimeko zenkonzo, i-nodular cast iron inamabakala amaninzi, inika uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo.

Uninzi lweentsimbi ze-ductile castings njengoko zichazwe yi-International Organisation for Standardization ISO1083 ziveliswa ikakhulu kwimo engafakwanga.Ngokucacileyo, olu luhlu lubandakanya amabanga aphezulu-amandla anamandla amakhulu kune-800 Newtons nge-square millimeter kunye nobude be-2%.Olunye olugqithisileyo libakala eliphezulu leplastiki, elinobude obungaphezulu kwe-17% kunye namandla aphantsi ngokuhambelanayo (ubuncinci be-370 N / mm2).Amandla kunye nobude abukuphela kwesiseko sokuba abaqulunqi bakhethe izinto eziphathekayo, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ezibalulekileyo zibandakanya amandla esivuno, imodyuli e-elastic, ukumelana nokunxiba kunye namandla okukhathala, ubunzima kunye nokusebenza kwempembelelo.Ukongeza, ukuxhathisa umhlwa kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation kunye neepropathi ze-electromagnetic zinokubaluleka kubayili.Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nolu setyenziso lukhethekileyo, kwaphuhliswa iqela leintsimbi ze-austenite ductile, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba zii-Ni-Resis ductile irons.Ezi ntsimbi ze-austenitic ductile zixutywa ikakhulu nge-nickel, i-chromium kunye ne-manganese, kwaye zidweliswe kwimigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe.